Cottontail rabbits in Fort Collins, Colorado, have been observed with unusual black, tentacle-like growths protruding from their heads and faces.
Local residents reported sightings of these affected animals, describing the protrusions as resembling black quills or horns around the mouth.
These growths have persisted across seasons, with some rabbits surviving winter and returning with enlarged tumors.
The condition stems from the Shope papilloma virus, also known as cottontail rabbit papillomavirus, which induces keratinous tumors on the skin.
Infected wild rabbits may experience tumors that grow large enough to hinder eating, leading to starvation in severe cases.
Some animals recover naturally as the growths regress over time. However, the condition can weaken rabbits, making them more vulnerable to predators.
This virus primarily affects wild cottontail rabbits but can also impact related species like brush rabbits and jackrabbits. Infections typically occur during warmer months when insect activity peaks.
Transmission happens through bites from parasites such as ticks and fleas that carry the virus between animals.
Direct contact with infected rabbits or contaminated environments can also spread it. Wildlife officials note that the disease appears more frequently in the Midwest than in other regions.
The virus was first identified in the 1930s by researcher Richard Shope, who documented horn-like tumors on cottontail rabbits in Kansas and Iowa. It marked one of the earliest discoveries of a DNA virus capable of causing tumors in mammals.
Historical records show outbreaks in wild populations, with preserved specimens dating back over a century confirming its long presence.
Sightings extend beyond Colorado, including a notable case in Minnesota in 2013 where a resident filmed a rabbit with similar growths.
Recent reports from states like Colorado highlight increased visibility, though the virus itself is not new. Officials emphasize that such occurrences are natural in rabbit populations across North America.
The growths have drawn comparisons to the mythical jackalope, a creature from American folklore depicted as a jackrabbit with antlers.
Hunters and observers in the past mistook virus-affected rabbits for these legendary animals, fueling tales of horned hares. The virus’s tumor formations mimic the antler-like features in jackalope stories.
Jackalope lore originated in the 1930s when brothers Douglas and Ralph Herrick in Wyoming created taxidermy mounts by attaching deer antlers to jackrabbit bodies.
This hoax popularized the myth, with stories claiming jackalopes could mimic human voices, produce whiskey-flavored milk, and only be caught using whiskey as bait. The legend persists in Western U.S. culture, often tied to souvenir shops and festivals.
Domestic rabbits face higher risks, as the virus can progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer. Pet owners are advised to prevent contact between wild and domestic animals to avoid transmission..
The Shope papilloma virus does not infect humans, dogs, cats, or other pets, posing no public health threat. Colorado Parks and Wildlife confirms it remains confined to rabbit species.
Experts urge the public to avoid approaching or handling affected rabbits to minimize stress and potential disease transfer. No vaccine or cure exists for the virus. Reporting sightings to local wildlife agencies helps in managing population health.
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