Saudi Arabia has officially ended its “ kafala ” system of rules for migrant labor, a system that effectively turned some 13 million migrants into indentured servants and gave their employers total control over their lives.

Kafala is an Arabic word that means “sponsorship.” The system was created in the 1950s as a means of importing, and controlling, low-cost migrant labor during the Saudi oil boom.

Under kafala , every migrant worker is assigned to a local sponsor or “ kafeel ,” who would manage all aspects of the worker’s life in Saudi Arabia.

The kafala system was never anything more than a scheme for indentured servitude and borderline…

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