Israel, the US, and a fractured regional order are creating a volatile precedent for the year ahead
Without a doubt, 2025 proved to be one of the most intense years for the Middle East in the past decades, marking a definitive shift from “managed crises” to a phase of multi-layered and poorly controlled escalation.
Unlike previous years, when conflicts – primarily between Iran and Israel – unfolded mainly through proxy forces and indirect pressure, 2025 witnessed a significant transition towards direct strikes, symbolic acts of intimidation, and a clear crossing of “red lines.”
A key feature of this past year was the dismantling of informal…
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