“On to Richmond!” —the battle cry from the North in the spring of 1861— fueled a march south expected to bring a quick, decisive end to the Civil War. Instead, the Union Army suffered a crushing defeat at Bull Run and retreated to Washington with the clear realization that a long war lay ahead.

More than quick, aggressive military action, strategy would be necessary to defeat the South. Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” aimed to strangle the South economically through a naval blockade and other means. Similarly, the air war in Iran, which has been brilliantly executed, led some to have high hopes for a swift victory through decapitation.

The Pen…

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