The Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict on China’s doorstep is challenging the assumptions behind one of the most ambitious geopolitical projects

The outbreak of open hostilities between Pakistan and Afghanistan marks the most serious confrontation between the two neighbors since the Taliban returned to power in 2021. After weeks of escalating cross-border clashes and retaliatory strikes, Islamabad declared it was in a state of “open war” with the Taliban government following airstrikes on targets in Afghan cities and border provinces.

The violence shattered a fragile ceasefire brokered in October 2025 and has quickly become the deadliest escalation…

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