Almost 1 million illegal migrants apply for Spanish legalization

Around 900,000 illegal migrants have applied to regularize their status in Spain as part of an amnesty, almost doubling the expected number of requests, the country’s Migration Ministry has said.

Before the program’s April launch, Spanish authorities expected around half a million people to apply, but non-profit refugee organization CEAR said on Monday that that number would exceed 1 million by the time the amnesty ends in two weeks.

The leader of the opposition People’s Party (PP), Alberto Nunez Feijoo, earlier this year called the initiative “unfair, unsafe, and unsustainable,” warning that it only “encourages organized crime” by human traffickers who smuggle people into the country. The PP said separately that giving documents to foreigners made no sense when “Spaniards see how their public services are impoverished day by day.”

Opponents of the measure have argued that large-scale regularization programs act as a “pull factor,” encouraging further illegal immigration by creating expectations of future amnesties. Critics have also linked the initiative to mounting pressure on housing, healthcare, and other public services.

Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez defended the amnesty, insisting that it was aimed at showing that “Spain is above all a welcoming country, and this is the path we choose: dignity, community and justice.”

The Migration Ministry said it has so far approved 40% of applications, granting some 360,000 temporary work permits.

The Spanish government has the capacity to process up to 1 million applications between April and June, but the permits will not be granted to everyone, Secretary of State for Migration Pilar Cancela Rodriguez told Reuters.

Chronic delays in the Spanish immigration system have seen hundreds of thousands of migrants from Colombia, Senegal, and other countries waiting for asylum for years while working in the country off the books, according to think tank Funcas.

Spain’s amnesty comes against the backdrop of rising migrant numbers across the EU. A report by the Center for Research and Analysis on Migration at RFBerlin in April singled out Spain as the country with the fastest-growing migrant population in the bloc. It increased by 700,000, or 8%, in 2024 to reach 9.5 million, the paper said, citing Eurostat and UN Refugee Agency data.

The initiative also contrasts with a broader political shift in parts of Europe, where several governments have tightened immigration and asylum policies amid growing public concern over migration.

Despite the number of arrivals subsiding since the migrant crisis of 2015, the foreign-born population in the EU reached a record 64.2 million last year, expanding by 20.2 million since 2010, according to the report.